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Achondrogenesis is a rare type of growth hormone deficiency in which there is a variant in the development of bone and cartilage.
Causes
Achondrogenesis is inherited, which means it is passed down through families.
Some types are known to be recessive, meaning both parents carry the variant gene, but are not affected by this condition. The chance for a subsequent child to be affected is 25%.
Symptoms
Symptoms may include:
- Very short trunk, arms, legs, and neck
- Head appears large in relation to the trunk
- Small lower jaw
- Narrow chest
Exams and Tests
X-rays show bone problems associated with the condition.
Treatment
There is no current therapy. Talk to your health care provider about care decisions.
You may want to seek genetic counseling.
Outlook (Prognosis)
The outcome is most often very poor. Many infants with achondrogenesis are stillborn or die shortly after birth because of breathing problems related to the abnormally small chest.
Possible Complications
This condition is often fatal early in life.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
This condition is often diagnosed on the first exam of an infant.
References
Albokhari D, Hoover-Fong JE. Disorders involving ion transporters. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, et al, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 22nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 738.
Grant LA, Griffin N. Congenital skeletal anomalies. In: Grant LA, Griffin N, eds. Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology Essentials. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 5.10.
Review Date 7/1/2025
Updated by: Charles I. Schwartz, MD, FAAP, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, General Pediatrician at PennCare for Kids, Phoenixville, PA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.