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Description
Dubin-Johnson syndrome is a condition characterized by jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes. In most affected people jaundice appears during adolescence or early adulthood. Jaundice is typically the only feature of Dubin-Johnson syndrome, but some people can experience weakness, mild abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. In most people with Dubin-Johnson syndrome, certain deposits build up in the liver but do not seem to impair liver function. The deposits make the liver appear black when viewed with medical imaging.
Rarely, jaundice develops soon after birth in individuals with Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Affected infants typically also have enlarged livers (hepatomegaly) and a severely reduced ability to produce and release a digestive fluid called bile (cholestasis). As these children get older, their liver problems go away and they usually do not have any related health problems later in life.
Frequency
The prevalence of Dubin-Johnson syndrome is unknown. It appears to be most common in Iranian and Moroccan Jews living in Israel, with 1 in 1,300 individuals affected. Additionally, several people in the Japanese population have been diagnosed with Dubin-Johnson syndrome. This condition appears to be less common in other populations.
Causes
Dubin-Johnson syndrome is caused by changes in a gene known as ABCC2. The ABCC2 gene provides instructions for making a protein that transports certain substances out of cells so they can be released (excreted) from the body. For example, this protein transports a substance called bilirubin out of liver cells and into bile (a digestive fluid produced by the liver). Bilirubin is produced during the breakdown of old red blood cells and has an orange-yellow tint.
ABCC2 gene mutations result in the production of a protein with reduced or absent activity that cannot effectively transport substances out of cells. These mutations particularly affect moving bilirubin into bile. As a result, bilirubin accumulates in the body, causing a condition called hyperbilirubinemia. The buildup of bilirubin in the body causes the yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes in people with Dubin-Johnson syndrome. The black liver in affected individuals is due to a buildup of different substance normally transported out of the liver by the protein produced from the ABCC2 gene.
Inheritance
This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.
Other Names for This Condition
- Black liver-jaundice syndrome
- Chronic idiopathic jaundice
- Chronic idiopathic jaundice with pigmented liver
- DJS
- Dubin-Sprinz syndrome
- Hyperbilirubinemia II
- Hyperbilirubinemia, Dubin-Johnson type
- Jaundice, chronic idiopathic
Additional Information & Resources
Genetic Testing Information
Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center
Patient Support and Advocacy Resources
Clinical Trials
Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM
Scientific Articles on PubMed
References
- Devgun MS, El-Nujumi AM, O'Dowd GJ, Barbu V, Poupon R. Novel mutations in the Dubin-Johnson syndrome gene ABCC2/MRP2 and associated biochemical changes. Ann Clin Biochem. 2012 Nov;49(Pt 6):609-12. doi: 10.1258/acb.2012.011279. Epub 2012 Oct 12. Citation on PubMed
- Erlinger S, Arias IM, Dhumeaux D. Inherited disorders of bilirubin transport and conjugation: new insights into molecular mechanisms and consequences. Gastroenterology. 2014 Jun;146(7):1625-38. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.03.047. Epub 2014 Apr 1. Citation on PubMed
- Lee JH, Chen HL, Chen HL, Ni YH, Hsu HY, Chang MH. Neonatal Dubin-Johnson syndrome: long-term follow-up and MRP2 mutations study. Pediatr Res. 2006 Apr;59(4 Pt 1):584-9. doi: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000203093.10908.bb. Citation on PubMed
- Machida I, Wakusawa S, Sanae F, Hayashi H, Kusakabe A, Ninomiya H, Yano M, Yoshioka K. Mutational analysis of the MRP2 gene and long-term follow-up of Dubin-Johnson syndrome in Japan. J Gastroenterol. 2005 Apr;40(4):366-70. doi: 10.1007/s00535-004-1555-y. Citation on PubMed
- Memon N, Weinberger BI, Hegyi T, Aleksunes LM. Inherited disorders of bilirubin clearance. Pediatr Res. 2016 Mar;79(3):378-86. doi: 10.1038/pr.2015.247. Epub 2015 Nov 23. Citation on PubMed or Free article on PubMed Central
- Rastogi A, Krishnani N, Pandey R. Dubin-Johnson syndrome--a clinicopathologic study of twenty cases. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2006 Oct;49(4):500-4. Citation on PubMed
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