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CALR gene
URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/calr/

CALR gene

calreticulin

Normal Function

The CALR gene provides instructions for making a multi-functional protein called calreticulin. This protein is found in several parts of the cell, including inside a structure called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in the fluid-filled space inside the cell (the cytoplasm), and at the outer surface of the cell. The ER is involved in protein processing and transport, and within this structure, calreticulin plays a role in ensuring the proper folding of newly formed proteins. The ER is also a storage location for charged calcium atoms (calcium ions), and calreticulin is involved in maintaining the correct levels of calcium ions in this structure. Through calcium regulation and other mechanisms, calreticulin is thought to play a role in the control of gene activity, cell growth and division (proliferation) and movement (migration), the attachment of cells to one another (adhesion), and regulation of programmed cell death (apoptosis). The function of this protein is important for immune system function and wound healing.

Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

19p13.13 deletion syndrome

MedlinePlus Genetics provides information about 19p13.13 deletion syndrome

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Essential thrombocythemia

Some gene mutations are acquired during a person's lifetime and are present only in certain cells. These changes, which are called somatic mutations, are not inherited. Somatic mutations in the CALR gene in early blood-forming cells are associated with essential thrombocythemia, a disorder characterized by an increased number of platelets, the blood cells involved in normal blood clotting. The mutations associated with this condition remove or add small amounts of genetic material to a region of the CALR gene called exon 9. These genetic changes lead to production of an altered calreticulin protein with a different sequence of building blocks (amino acids) at one end. It is not clear how the alteration in calreticulin affects the protein's function or leads to the signs and symptoms of essential thrombocythemia.

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Primary myelofibrosis

Somatic mutations in exon 9 of the CALR gene are also associated with primary myelofibrosis, a condition in which bone marrow is replaced by scar tissue (fibrosis). The effect of the genetic changes on calreticulin function is unknown, and researchers are working to determine how the altered protein is involved in primary myelofibrosis.

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Other Names for This Gene

  • calregulin
  • calreticulin precursor
  • cC1qR
  • CRP55
  • CRT
  • endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 60
  • epididymis secretory sperm binding protein Li 99n
  • ERp60
  • FLJ26680
  • grp60
  • HACBP
  • HEL-S-99n
  • RO
  • Sicca syndrome antigen A (autoantigen Ro; calreticulin)
  • SSA

Additional Information & Resources

Tests Listed in the Genetic Testing Registry

Scientific Articles on PubMed

Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM

Gene and Variant Databases

References

  • Gold LI, Eggleton P, Sweetwyne MT, Van Duyn LB, Greives MR, Naylor SM, Michalak M, Murphy-Ullrich JE. Calreticulin: non-endoplasmic reticulum functions in physiology and disease. FASEB J. 2010 Mar;24(3):665-83. doi: 10.1096/fj.09-145482. Epub 2009 Nov 25. Citation on PubMed or Free article on PubMed Central
  • Klampfl T, Gisslinger H, Harutyunyan AS, Nivarthi H, Rumi E, Milosevic JD, Them NC, Berg T, Gisslinger B, Pietra D, Chen D, Vladimer GI, Bagienski K, Milanesi C, Casetti IC, Sant'Antonio E, Ferretti V, Elena C, Schischlik F, Cleary C, Six M, Schalling M, Schonegger A, Bock C, Malcovati L, Pascutto C, Superti-Furga G, Cazzola M, Kralovics R. Somatic mutations of calreticulin in myeloproliferative neoplasms. N Engl J Med. 2013 Dec 19;369(25):2379-90. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1311347. Epub 2013 Dec 10. Citation on PubMed
  • Michalak M, Groenendyk J, Szabo E, Gold LI, Opas M. Calreticulin, a multi-process calcium-buffering chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum. Biochem J. 2009 Feb 1;417(3):651-66. doi: 10.1042/BJ20081847. Citation on PubMed
  • Nangalia J, Massie CE, Baxter EJ, Nice FL, Gundem G, Wedge DC, Avezov E, Li J, Kollmann K, Kent DG, Aziz A, Godfrey AL, Hinton J, Martincorena I, Van Loo P, Jones AV, Guglielmelli P, Tarpey P, Harding HP, Fitzpatrick JD, Goudie CT, Ortmann CA, Loughran SJ, Raine K, Jones DR, Butler AP, Teague JW, O'Meara S, McLaren S, Bianchi M, Silber Y, Dimitropoulou D, Bloxham D, Mudie L, Maddison M, Robinson B, Keohane C, Maclean C, Hill K, Orchard K, Tauro S, Du MQ, Greaves M, Bowen D, Huntly BJP, Harrison CN, Cross NCP, Ron D, Vannucchi AM, Papaemmanuil E, Campbell PJ, Green AR. Somatic CALR mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms with nonmutated JAK2. N Engl J Med. 2013 Dec 19;369(25):2391-2405. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1312542. Epub 2013 Dec 10. Citation on PubMed or Free article on PubMed Central

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