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Normal Function
The TBC1D24 gene provides instructions for making a protein whose specific function in the cell is unclear. Studies suggest the protein may have several roles in cells. The TBC1D24 protein belongs to a group of proteins that are involved in the movement (transport) of vesicles, which are small sac-like structures that transport proteins and other materials within cells. Research suggests that the TBC1D24 protein may also help cells respond to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs when unstable molecules called free radicals accumulate to levels that can damage or kill cells. Studies indicate that the TBC1D24 protein is active in a variety of organs and tissues; it is particularly active in the brain and likely plays an important role in normal brain development. The TBC1D24 protein is also active in specialized structures called stereocilia. In the inner ear, stereocilia project from certain cells called hair cells. The stereocilia bend in response to sound waves, which is critical for converting sound waves to nerve impulses.
Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes
DOORS syndrome
At least 10 mutations in the TBC1D24 gene have been identified in people with DOORS syndrome, a disorder involving multiple abnormalities that are present from birth (congenital). "DOORS" is an abbreviation for the major features of the disorder including deafness; short or absent nails (onychodystrophy); short fingers and toes (osteodystrophy); developmental delay and intellectual disability (previously called mental retardation); and seizures. Some people with DOORS syndrome do not have all of these features.
Most of the TBC1D24 gene mutations that cause DOORS syndrome change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the TBC1D24 protein sequence. These mutations are thought to reduce or eliminate the function of the TBC1D24 protein, but the specific mechanism by which loss of TBC1D24 function leads to the signs and symptoms of DOORS syndrome is not well understood.
More About This Health ConditionEpilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures
TBC1D24 gene mutations have been identified in people with a form of early-infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE16; also called malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy 16). These mutations likely result in impairment of TBC1D24 protein functions related to the development of the brain, but the specific connection between the mutations and the disorder is unclear.
More About This Health ConditionNonsyndromic hearing loss
MedlinePlus Genetics provides information about Nonsyndromic hearing loss
More About This Health ConditionOther disorders
TBC1D24 gene mutations have also been identified in people with other seizure disorders, including familial infantile myoclonic epilepsy (FIME) and progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME). These mutations likely result in impairment of TBC1D24 protein functions related to the development of the brain, but the specific connection between the mutations and these disorders is unclear.
Other Names for This Gene
- DFNA65
- KIAA1171
- skywalker homolog
- TBC/LysM-associated domain containing 6
- TBC1 domain family member 24 isoform 1
- TBC1 domain family member 24 isoform 2
- TLDC6
Additional Information & Resources
Tests Listed in the Genetic Testing Registry
Scientific Articles on PubMed
Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM
References
- Azaiez H, Booth KT, Bu F, Huygen P, Shibata SB, Shearer AE, Kolbe D, Meyer N, Black-Ziegelbein EA, Smith RJ. TBC1D24 mutation causes autosomal-dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss. Hum Mutat. 2014 Jul;35(7):819-23. doi: 10.1002/humu.22557. Epub 2014 May 6. Citation on PubMed or Free article on PubMed Central
- Campeau PM, Hennekam RC; DOORS syndrome collaborative group. DOORS syndrome: phenotype, genotype and comparison with Coffin-Siris syndrome. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2014 Sep;166C(3):327-32. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31412. Epub 2014 Aug 28. Citation on PubMed
- Campeau PM, Kasperaviciute D, Lu JT, Burrage LC, Kim C, Hori M, Powell BR, Stewart F, Felix TM, van den Ende J, Wisniewska M, Kayserili H, Rump P, Nampoothiri S, Aftimos S, Mey A, Nair LD, Begleiter ML, De Bie I, Meenakshi G, Murray ML, Repetto GM, Golabi M, Blair E, Male A, Giuliano F, Kariminejad A, Newman WG, Bhaskar SS, Dickerson JE, Kerr B, Banka S, Giltay JC, Wieczorek D, Tostevin A, Wiszniewska J, Cheung SW, Hennekam RC, Gibbs RA, Lee BH, Sisodiya SM. The genetic basis of DOORS syndrome: an exome-sequencing study. Lancet Neurol. 2014 Jan;13(1):44-58. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70265-5. Epub 2013 Nov 29. Citation on PubMed or Free article on PubMed Central
- Rehman AU, Santos-Cortez RL, Morell RJ, Drummond MC, Ito T, Lee K, Khan AA, Basra MA, Wasif N, Ayub M, Ali RA, Raza SI; University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics; Nickerson DA, Shendure J, Bamshad M, Riazuddin S, Billington N, Khan SN, Friedman PL, Griffith AJ, Ahmad W, Riazuddin S, Leal SM, Friedman TB. Mutations in TBC1D24, a gene associated with epilepsy, also cause nonsyndromic deafness DFNB86. Am J Hum Genet. 2014 Jan 2;94(1):144-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.12.004. Citation on PubMed or Free article on PubMed Central
- Zhang L, Hu L, Chai Y, Pang X, Yang T, Wu H. A dominant mutation in the stereocilia-expressing gene TBC1D24 is a probable cause for nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Hum Mutat. 2014 Jul;35(7):814-8. doi: 10.1002/humu.22558. Epub 2014 May 6. Citation on PubMed
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