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Clavo

¿Qué es?

El clavo (Syzygium aromaticum) es un árbol originario de Indonesia. Sus capullos de flores secos son una especia popular y también se utilizan en la medicina china y ayurvédica.

Los aceites de clavo, los botones florales secos, las hojas y los tallos se utilizan para fabricar medicamentos. El aceite de clavo contiene una sustancia química llamada eugenol que podría ayudar a disminuir el dolor y combatir las infecciones. El clavo también es un ingrediente popular en los cigarrillos.

Las personas comúnmente usan el clavo de olor para el dolor de muelas, el dolor durante el trabajo dental, la placa dental, la resaca, la indigestión y muchas otras condiciones, pero no existe una buena evidencia científica que respalde estos usos.

¿Qué tan efectivo es?

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (La Base Exhaustiva de Datos de Medicamentos Naturales) clasifica la eficacia, basada en evidencia científica, de acuerdo a la siguiente escala: Eficaz, Probablemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Ineficaz, Probablemente Ineficaz, Ineficaz, e Insuficiente Evidencia para Hacer una Determinación.

La clasificación de la eficacia para este producto es la siguiente:

Posiblemente eficaz para...

  • Neumonía en personas con respiradores en el hospital. El uso de un enjuague bucal con clavo podría prevenir la neumonía en personas que utilizan respiradores en el hospital.
Existe interés en usar el clavo para varios propósitos, pero no hay suficiente información confiable para decir si podría ser útil.

¿Es seguro?

Cuando se toma por vía oral: El clavo se consume comúnmente en los alimentos. No hay suficiente información confiable para saber si es seguro tomar clavo en cantidades mayores o cuáles podrían ser los efectos secundarios.

Cuando se aplica sobre la piel: El aceite de clavo o la crema que contiene flor de clavo es posiblemente seguro. Pero la aplicación de aceite de clavo en la boca o en las encías a veces puede causar irritación y daño en las encías. La aplicación de aceite o crema de clavo en la piel a veces puede causar ardor e irritación de la piel.

Cuando se inhala: Es probable que el humo de los cigarrillos de clavo de olor no sea seguro y puede causar efectos secundarios como problemas respiratorios y enfermedades pulmonares.

Advertencias y precauciones especiales:

Embarazo y lactancia: El clavo se consume comúnmente en los alimentos. No hay suficiente información confiable para saber si el clavo es seguro para usar en grandes cantidades durante el embarazo o la lactancia. Manténgase en el lado seguro y limítese a las cantidades de alimentos.

Niños: Es probable que no sea seguro tomar aceite de clavo por vía oral. Incluso pequeñas cantidades de aceite de clavo pueden causar efectos secundarios graves, como convulsiones, daño hepático y desequilibrio de líquidos.

Trastornos hemorrágicos: El aceite de clavo contiene una sustancia química llamada eugenol que parece retardar la coagulación de la sangre. La ingesta de aceite de clavo de olor puede provocar hemorragias en personas con trastornos hemorrágicos.

Cirugía: Los clavos contienen sustancias químicas que pueden afectar los niveles de azúcar en sangre y retardar la coagulación de la sangre. Podría interferir con el control del azúcar en sangre o causar sangrado durante o después de la cirugía. Deje de usar clavo al menos 2 semanas antes de una cirugía programada.

¿Existen interacciones con medicamentos?

Moderadas
Tenga cuidado con esta combinación
Medicamentos para la diabetes (medicamentos antidiabéticos)
El clavo puede reducir los niveles de azúcar en sangre. La ingesta de clavo de olor junto con medicamentos para la diabetes puede hacer que el azúcar en sangre baje demasiado. Controle de cerca su nivel de azúcar en sangre.
Menores
Preste atención a esta combinación
Ibuprofeno (Advil, otros)
Agregar ibuprofeno al aceite de clavo antes de aplicarlo en la piel podría aumentar la cantidad de ibuprofeno que se absorbe a través de la piel, posiblemente aumentando los efectos secundarios.
Medicamentos que retardan la coagulación de la sangre (medicamentos anticoagulantes / antiplaquetarios)
El clavo puede retardar la coagulación de la sangre. La ingesta de clavo de olor junto con medicamentos que también retardan la coagulación de la sangre podría aumentar el riesgo de hematomas y sangrado.

¿Existen interacciones con hierbas y suplementos?

Hierbas y suplementos que pueden reducir el azúcar en sangre
El clavo puede reducir el azúcar en sangre. Tomarlo con otros suplementos con efectos similares podría reducir demasiado el azúcar en sangre. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen aloe, melón amargo, canela casia, cromo y nopal.
Hierbas y suplementos que pueden retardar la coagulación sanguínea
El clavo puede retardar la coagulación de la sangre y aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia. Tomarlo con otros suplementos con efectos similares podría aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia en algunas personas. Ejemplos de suplementos con este efecto incluyen ajo, jengibre, ginkgo, natokinasa y Panax ginseng.

¿Existen interacciones con alimentos?

No se conoce ninguna interacción con alimentos.

¿Como se usa normalmente?

El clavo es una especia que se usa comúnmente en los alimentos. También está disponible en enjuagues bucales, geles, cremas y aceites. Como medicamento, no hay suficiente información confiable para saber cuál podría ser una dosis adecuada de clavo. Hable con un proveedor de atención médica para averiguar qué tipo de producto y dosis podrían ser los mejores para una condición específica.

Otros nombres

Bourgeon Floral de Clou de Girofle, Bouton Floral de Clou de Girofle, Caryophylli Flos, Caryophyllum, Caryophyllus aromaticus, Clous de Girolfe, Clove Flower, Clove Flowerbud, Clove Leaf, Clove Oil, Clove Stem, Cloves, Cloves Bud, Ding Xiang, Eugenia aromatica, Eugenia caryophyllata, Eugenia caryophyllus, Feuille de Clou de Girofle, Fleur de Clou de Girofle, Flores Caryophylli, Flores Caryophyllum, Gewurznelken Nagelein, Girofle, Giroflier, Huile de Clou de Girofle, Kreteks, Lavang, Lavanga, Oil of Clove, Syzygium aromaticum, Tige de Clou de Girofle.

Metodología

Para saber más sobre cómo este artículo fue escrito, refiérase a la metodología de la Base exhaustiva de datos de medicamentos naturales.

Referencias

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