Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a leading threat to dental health and the most common cause of tooth loss.

Gum disease is caused by a buildup of plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—on and around the teeth. If you don’t remove plaque on a regular basis, it can cause inflammation and infection. This infection can break down the gum tissue, bone, and connective tissue that support your teeth. Over time, teeth may become loose and need to be removed.  

The first stage of gum disease is gingivitis. During this stage, the gums may become red and swollen, and they may bleed easily. Left untreated, gingivitis can develop into periodontitis, a more serious form of gum disease. In periodontitis, the gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that trap bacteria and lead to infection.

The best way to prevent or control gum disease is by maintaining an oral hygiene routine. Brush your teeth twice a day and floss regularly to remove plaque. Also schedule regular dental visits for professional cleanings and routine checkups.

• More than 42% of all adults older than 30 have some form of gum disease and almost 8% have severe periodontal disease.
• The rate of gum disease increases with age. Almost 60% of adults 65 years and older have some form of gum disease.
• Periodontal disease is more common in men than women. It affects more than 50% of men and 35% of women.
• Smoking can put you at risk for gum problems. More than 60% of current smokers have periodontal disease.  
• People with certain health conditions may be more likely to develop gum disease. For example, almost 60% of people with diabetes also have periodontal disease.

*This article was originally published in January 2018. It has been updated.