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A1C
URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html

A1C

Also called: Glycohemoglobin, HbA1C, Hemoglobin A1C test

Summary

A1C is a blood test for type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. It measures your average blood glucose, or blood sugar, level over the past 3 months. Doctors may use the A1C alone or in combination with other diabetes tests to make a diagnosis. They also use the A1C to see how well you are managing your diabetes. This test is different from the blood sugar checks that people with diabetes do every day.

Your A1C test result is given in percentages. The higher the percentage, the higher your blood sugar levels have been:

  • A normal A1C level is below 5.7%
  • Prediabetes is between 5.7 to 6.4%. Having prediabetes is a risk factor for getting type 2 diabetes. People with prediabetes may need retests every year.
  • Type 2 diabetes is above 6.5%
  • If you have diabetes, you should have the A1C test at least twice a year. The A1C goal for many people with diabetes is below 7. It may be different for you. Ask what your goal should be. If your A1C result is too high, you may need to change your diabetes care plan.

NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Learn More

  • A1C and eAG (American Diabetes Association)
  • A1C Test and Diabetes From the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases) Also in Spanish
  • A1C Test and Race/Ethnicity From the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases)
  • Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
  • Understanding A1C (American Diabetes Association)

Clinical Trials

  • ClinicalTrials.gov: Hemoglobin A1C From the National Institutes of Health (National Institutes of Health)

Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)

  • Article: Association of Admission HbA1c Levels and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with...
  • Article: Improving HbA1c Levels by Methylcobalamin Vitamin in Diabetic Volunteers, Combined with...
  • Article: Impact of the Wood-Burning Justa Cookstove on Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c): A...
  • A1C -- see more articles

Patient Handouts

  • A1C test (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish

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A1C

National Institutes of Health

The primary NIH organization for research on A1C is the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

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The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health.

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Last updated April 6, 2023
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