Examples of chronic illnesses are:

• Alzheimer disease
• Arthritis
• Asthma
• Cancer
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Crohn disease
• Cystic fibrosis
• Dementia due to any cause
• Diabetes
• Endometriosis
• Epilepsy
• Fibromyalgia
• Heart Disease
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• HIV/AIDS
• Mood disorders (bipolar, cyclothymia, and depression)
• Multiple sclerosis
• Narcolepsy
• Parkinson disease
• Sickle cell disease
• Ulcerative colitis

It can be a shock to learn you have a chronic illness. You may ask "why me?" or "where did it come from?"

• Sometimes nothing can explain why you got the illness.
• The illness may run in your family.
• You may have been exposed to something that caused the illness.

As you learn more about your illness and how to take care of yourself, your feelings may change. Fear or shock may give way to:

• Anger because you have the illness
• Sadness or depression because you may not be able to live the way you used to
• Confusion or stress about how to take care of yourself

You may feel like you are not a whole person anymore. You might be embarrassed or ashamed that you have an illness. Know that, with time, your illness will likely become part of you and you will have a new normal.

You will hopefully learn to live with your illness and adjust to your new normal. For example:

• A person with diabetes may need to learn to test their blood sugar and give insulin several times a day. This becomes their new normal.
• A person with asthma may need to carry an inhaler and avoid things that may cause an asthma attack. This is their new normal.

You may be overwhelmed by:

• How much there is to learn.
• What lifestyle changes you need to make. For example, you may be trying to change your diet, quit smoking, and exercise.

Over time, you'll adapt to living with your illness. Know that:

• You will feel like yourself again as you learn how to fit your illness into your life.
• What may be confusing at first starts to make sense. Give yourself time to learn how to take care of your illness.

It may take a lot of energy to manage your chronic illness every day. Sometimes, this can affect your outlook and mood. Sometimes you may feel very alone. This is particularly true during times when your illness is harder to manage.

You may sometimes have the feelings you had when you first got the illness:

• Depressed that you have the illness. It feels like life will never be OK again.
• Angry. It still seems unfair that you have the illness.
• Afraid that you will become very ill over time.

These kinds of feelings are normal.

Stress can make it harder for you to take care of your chronic illness. You can learn to cope with stress to help you manage day to day.

Find ways to decrease stress that work for you. Here are some ideas:

• Go for a walk.
• Read a book or watch a movie.
• Try yoga, tai chi, or meditation.
• Take an art class, play an instrument, or listen to music.
• Call or spend time with a friend.

Finding healthy, fun ways to cope with stress helps many people.

If stress or depression lasts, talking with a therapist might help you deal with the many feelings that come up. Ask your health care provider for help finding a therapist.

If you feel like you can't cope and are thinking about suicide, call or text 988 or chat 988lifeline.org. You can also call 1-800-273-8255 (1-800-273-TALK). The 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline provides free and confidential support 24/7, anytime day or night.

You can also call 911 or the local emergency number or go to the hospital emergency room. DO NOT delay.

Know more about your illness so you can manage it and feel better about it.

• Learn how to live with your chronic illness. At first it might seem like it is controlling you, but the more you learn and can do for yourself, the more normal and in control you will feel.
• Find information from trusted resources on the Internet, at a library, and from social networks, support groups, national organizations, and local hospitals.
• Ask your provider for websites you can trust. Not all the information you find online is from reliable sources.

Ahmed SM, Hershberger PJ, Lemkau JP. Psychosocial influences on health. In: Rakel RE, Rakel D. eds. Textbook of Family Medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 3.

American Psychological Association website. Coping with a diagnosis of chronic illness. www.apa.org/topics/chronic-illness/coping-diagnosis. Updated 2013. Accessed September 16, 2024.

Bibbins-Domingo K. Population health. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 11.

Updated by: Jacob Berman, MD, MPH, Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.