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Summary

A stroke is a medical emergency. There are two types - ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke is the more common type. It is usually caused by a blood clot that blocks or plugs a blood vessel in the brain. This keeps blood from flowing to the brain. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. Another cause is stenosis, or narrowing of the artery. This can happen because of atherosclerosis, a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) occur when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted briefly. Having a TIA can mean you are at risk for having a more serious stroke.

Symptoms of stroke are:

• Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the body)
• Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech
• Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
• Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
• Sudden severe headache with no known cause

It is important to treat strokes as quickly as possible. Blood thinners may be used to stop a stroke while it is happening by quickly dissolving the blood clot. Post-stroke rehabilitation can help people overcome disabilities caused by stroke damage.

NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Start Here

• Ischemic Stroke (Clots) (American Stroke Association)
• Let's Talk about Ischemic Stroke (American Stroke Association) - PDF Also in Spanish

Prevention and Risk Factors

• What Are Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Agents? (American Heart Association) - PDF

Related Issues

• Atherosclerosis and Stroke (American Stroke Association)

Specifics

• CADASIL (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Also in Spanish

Genetics

• Adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine)
• Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine)

Images

• Stroke - series (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish

Videos and Tutorials

• Stroke (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Stroke - secondary to cardiogenic embolism (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish

Statistics and Research

• Stroke Facts (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

Clinical Trials

• ClinicalTrials.gov: Brain Ischemia (National Institutes of Health)
• ClinicalTrials.gov: Carotid Stenosis (National Institutes of Health)
• ClinicalTrials.gov: Ischemic Stroke (National Institutes of Health)

Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)

• Article: Platelet-to-Neutrophil Ratio and Efficacy of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Acute Ischemic...
• Article: Brazilian Public Health System protocol for the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical...
• Article: Effect of Time Delay on Reperfusion After Tenecteplase in an Extended...
• Ischemic Stroke -- see more articles

Patient Handouts

• Carotid artery surgery - open (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Preventing stroke (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Stroke - discharge (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Thrombolytic therapy (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish