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• Diagnosis and Tests
• Treatments and Therapies

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Summary

Vasculitis is an inflammation of the blood vessels. It happens when the body's immune system attacks the blood vessel by mistake. It can happen because of an infection, a medicine, or another disease. The cause is often unknown.

Vasculitis can affect arteries, veins and capillaries. Arteries are vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body's organs. Veins are the vessels that carry blood back to the heart. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect the small arteries and veins.

When a blood vessel becomes inflamed, it can

• Narrow, making it more difficult for blood to get through
• Close off completely so that blood can't get through
• Stretch and weaken so much that it bulges. The bulge is called an aneurysm. If it bursts, it can cause dangerous bleeding inside the body.

Symptoms of vasculitis can vary, but usually include fever, swelling and a general sense of feeling ill. The main goal of treatment is to stop the inflammation. Steroids and other medicines to stop inflammation are often helpful.

NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Start Here

• Vasculitis (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
• Vasculitis (American College of Rheumatology) Also in Spanish
• Vasculitis Syndromes of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)
• What is Vasculitis? (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute)

Diagnosis and Tests

• Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) Test (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
• C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Test (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
• CT Angiography (CTA) (American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) Also in Spanish
• Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
• MR Angiography (MRA) (American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) Also in Spanish

Treatments and Therapies

• Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) (Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center)
• Methotrexate (Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center)
• Prednisone (Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center)

Related Issues

• Immune System and Its Link to Rheumatic Diseases (American College of Rheumatology) Also in Spanish

Specifics

• Buerger's Disease (Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center)
• Central Nervous System Vasculitis (Vasculitis Foundation)
• Cryoglobulinemia (Vasculitis Foundation)
• Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, formerly Churg-Strauss Syndrome (EGPA) (Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center)
• Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center)
• Hypersensitivity Vasculitis (Vasculitis Foundation)
• Isolated Aortitis (Vasculitis Foundation)
• Microscopic Polyangiitis (Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center)
• Polyarteritis Nodosa (Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center)
• Rheumatoid Vasculitis (Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center)
• Takayasu's Arteritis (Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center)
• Urticarial Vasculitis (Vasculitis Foundation)

Genetics

• Adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine)
• Granulomatosis with polyangiitis: MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine)

Clinical Trials

• ClinicalTrials.gov: Vasculitis (National Institutes of Health)

Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)

• Article: Cardiovascular, hematological and neurosensory impact of COVID-19 and variants.
• Article: Coronavirus disease-19: The multi-level, multi-faceted vasculopathy.
• Article: COVID-19-induced endotheliitis: emerging evidence and possible therapeutic strategies.
• Vasculitis -- see more articles

Reference Desk

• Vasculitis Terms A to Z (Vasculitis Foundation)

Find an Expert

• American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association
• Find a Physician from the Society for Vascular Medicine (Society for Vascular Medicine)
• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Also in Spanish

Children

• Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Vasculitis (National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse)
• Kawasaki Disease: MedlinePlus Health Topic (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish

Patient Handouts

• Allergic vasculitis (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Aortic angiography (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Cerebral angiography (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Henoch-Schonlein purpura (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Necrotizing vasculitis (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Polyarteritis nodosa (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Takayasu arteritis (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish