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• Summary
• Start Here
• Diagnosis and Tests
• Treatments and Therapies

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• Related Issues
• Specifics
• Genetics

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• Statistics and Research
• Clinical Trials
• Journal Articles

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Summary

When you look at an object, you're using several muscles to move both eyes to focus on it. If you have a problem with the muscles, the eyes don't work properly.

There are many kinds of eye movement disorders. Two common ones are:

• Strabismus - a disorder in which the two eyes don't line up in the same direction. This results in "crossed eyes" or "walleye."
• Nystagmus - fast, uncontrollable movements of the eyes, sometimes called "dancing eyes"

Some eye movement disorders are present at birth. Others develop over time and may be associated with other problems, such as injuries. Treatments include glasses, patches, eye muscle exercises, and surgery. There is no cure for some kinds of eye movement disorders, such as most kinds of nystagmus.

Start Here

• Nystagmus (American Academy of Ophthalmology) Also in Spanish
• Nystagmus (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• What Is Adult Strabismus? (American Academy of Ophthalmology) Also in Spanish

Diagnosis and Tests

• Strabismus Measurements (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Videonystagmography (VNG) (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
• Vision Screening (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
• What Are Dilating Eye Drops? (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)

Treatments and Therapies

• Anesthesia for Adults Having Eye Surgery (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Eye muscle repair - series (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Prisms (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Strabismus Surgery (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Vision Therapy (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)

Related Issues

• Abnormal Head Position (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)

Specifics

• Accommodative Esotropia (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Brown Syndrome (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Conjugate Gaze Palsies (Merck & Co., Inc.) Also in Spanish
• Convergence Insufficiency (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Cranial Nerve Palsy (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Dissociated Vertical Deviation (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Duane Syndrome (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Esotropia (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Fourth Nerve (Superior Oblique) Palsy (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (Merck & Co., Inc.) Also in Spanish
• Monocular Elevation Deficiency (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Monofixation Syndrome (MFS) (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Oculomotor Apraxia (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Sixth Nerve Palsy (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Third Nerve Palsy (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• What Is Microvascular Cranial Nerve Palsy? (American Academy of Ophthalmology) Also in Spanish

Genetics

• About Duane Syndrome (National Human Genome Research Institute)
• Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia: MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine)
• Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles: MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine)
• Duane-radial ray syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine)
• Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis: MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine)
• Isolated Duane retraction syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine)
• Progressive external ophthalmoplegia: MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine)
• X-linked infantile nystagmus: MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine)

Statistics and Research

• Eye Health Data and Statistics (National Eye Institute) Also in Spanish

Clinical Trials

• ClinicalTrials.gov: Nystagmus, Pathologic (National Institutes of Health)
• ClinicalTrials.gov: Ocular Motility Disorders (National Institutes of Health)
• ClinicalTrials.gov: Strabismus (National Institutes of Health)

Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)

• Article: Effectiveness of treatment for concussion-related convergence insufficiency: The CONCUSS study protocol...
• Article: From convergence insufficiency to functional reorganization: A longitudinal randomized controlled trial of...
• Article: Home vision therapy and prism prescription in presbyopic persons with convergence...
• Eye Movement Disorders -- see more articles

Reference Desk

• Anatomy of the Eye (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• How the Eyes Work (National Eye Institute) Also in Spanish

Find an Expert

• Find an Ophthalmologist (American Academy of Ophthalmology) Also in Spanish
• Finding an Eye Doctor (National Eye Institute)
• National Eye Institute

Children

• Photoscreening (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Strabismus (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)

Adults

• Adult Strabismus (Eye Misalignment) (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)

Patient Handouts

• Cranial mononeuropathy III (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Cranial mononeuropathy VI (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Eye muscle repair (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Nystagmus (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Strabismus (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Supranuclear ophthalmoplegia (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish