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Bone Diseases
URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/bonediseases.html

Bone Diseases

On this page

Basics

  • Summary
  • Start Here
  • Diagnosis and Tests
  • Prevention and Risk Factors

Learn More

  • Living With
  • Related Issues
  • Specifics
  • Genetics

See, Play and Learn

  • Videos and Tutorials

Research

  • Clinical Trials
  • Journal Articles

Resources

  • Reference Desk
  • Find an Expert

For You

  • Children
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  • Patient Handouts

Summary

Your bones help you move, give you shape and support your body. They are living tissues that rebuild constantly throughout your life. During childhood and your teens, your body adds new bone faster than it removes old bone. After about age 20, you can lose bone faster than you make bone. To have strong bones when you are young, and to prevent bone loss when you are older, you need to get enough calcium, vitamin D, and exercise. You should also avoid smoking and drinking too much alcohol.

Bone diseases can make bones easy to break. Different kinds of bone problems include:

  • Low bone density and osteoporosis, which make your bones weak and more likely to break
  • Osteogenesis imperfecta makes your bones brittle
  • Paget's disease of bone makes them weak
  • Bones can also develop cancer and infections
  • Other bone diseases, which are caused by poor nutrition, genetics, or problems with the rate of bone growth or rebuilding

NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

Start Here

  • Bones, Muscles, and Joints (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish

Diagnosis and Tests

  • Alkaline Phosphatase From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
  • Bone Biopsy (American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America) Also in Spanish
  • Bone Density Scan From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
  • Bone Scan (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
  • Bone X-Ray Video (American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America) Also in Spanish
  • Calcium Blood Test From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish

Prevention and Risk Factors

  • Healthy Bones at Every Age (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)

Living With

  • Bone Healing (American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) Also in Spanish

Related Issues

  • Bone and Joint Problems Associated with Diabetes (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
  • Exercise and Bone Health (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
  • Hyperparathyroidism (American Academy of Family Physicians) Also in Spanish

Specifics

  • Bone Spurs (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
  • Bone Tumor (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
  • Chondroblastoma (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
  • Chondromyxoid Fibroma (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
  • Enchondroma (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
  • Extra-Abdominal Desmoid Tumors (Aggressive Fibromatoses) (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
  • Fibrous Dysplasia From the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases)
  • Fibrous Dysplasia/McCune-Albright Syndrome From the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research) Also in Spanish
  • Hypophosphatasia (Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation) - PDF
  • Osteochondritis Dissecans (American Academy of Family Physicians) Also in Spanish
  • Osteochondroma (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
  • Osteoid Osteoma (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
  • Osteopetroses (Merck & Co., Inc.) Also in Spanish

Genetics

  • Acromicric dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Adams-Oliver syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Atelosteogenesis type 1: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Atelosteogenesis type 2: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Atelosteogenesis type 3: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Boomerang dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Caffey disease: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Campomelic dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Camurati-Engelmann disease: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Cantú syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Cranioectodermal dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Craniometaphyseal dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Diastrophic dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Fibrochondrogenesis: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Greenberg dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Hereditary multiple osteochondromas: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Hypophosphatasia: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Intrauterine growth restriction, metaphyseal dysplasia, adrenal hypoplasia congenita, and genital anomalies: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Juvenile Paget disease: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Klippel-Feil syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Langer mesomelic dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Larsen syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Maffucci syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Majeed syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Mandibuloacral dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • McCune-Albright syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Melnick-Needles syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Miller syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Multicentric osteolysis, nodulosis, and arthropathy: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Nager syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Ollier disease: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Osteopetrosis: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Otopalatodigital syndrome type 1: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Otopalatodigital syndrome type 2: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Platyspondylic lethal skeletal dysplasia, Torrance type: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Potocki-Shaffer syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Progressive osseous heteroplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Proteus syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Pyle disease: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Rothmund-Thomson syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Schwartz-Jampel syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • SOST-related sclerosing bone dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Tetra-amelia syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Weyers acrofacial dysostosis: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • Winchester syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata 1: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata 2: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)
  • X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda: MedlinePlus Genetics From the National Institutes of Health (National Library of Medicine)

Videos and Tutorials

  • Cracking Down on a Rare Bone Disorder From the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research)

Clinical Trials

  • ClinicalTrials.gov: Bone Diseases From the National Institutes of Health (National Institutes of Health)
  • ClinicalTrials.gov: Osteomyelitis From the National Institutes of Health (National Institutes of Health)

Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)

  • Article: Lactylation's role in bone health and disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic...
  • Article: Epigenetic roles of chromatin remodeling complexes in bone biology and the...
  • Article: The Role of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Regulation of Orthopaedic...
  • Bone Diseases -- see more articles

Reference Desk

  • Appendicular Skeleton From the National Institutes of Health (National Cancer Institute)
  • Axial Skeleton From the National Institutes of Health (National Cancer Institute)

Find an Expert

  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases From the National Institutes of Health Also in Spanish

Children

  • 3 Ways to Build Strong Bones (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
  • Campomelic dysplasia From the National Institutes of Health (Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center) Also in Spanish
  • Campomelic Dysplasia (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
  • Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
  • Diastrophic Dysplasia (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
  • Ellis-Van Creveld Dysplasia (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
  • Health Lesson: Learning About Bones From the National Institutes of Health Easy-to-Read (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases)
  • Kids and Their Bones From the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases) Also in Spanish
  • Kniest Dysplasia (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
  • Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
  • Osteochondritis Dissecans (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
  • Pseudoachondroplasia (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation)
  • Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita (SEDc) (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
  • Your Bones (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish

Teenagers

  • Blount Disease (Nemours Foundation)

Patient Handouts

  • ALP - blood test (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
  • ALP isoenzyme test (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
  • Blount disease (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
  • Bone lesion biopsy (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
  • Bone pain or tenderness (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
  • Bone tumor (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
  • Bowlegs (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
  • Fibrous dysplasia (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
  • Osteomalacia (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
  • Osteopenia - premature infants (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish

Topic Image

Bone Diseases

MEDICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA

  • Aging changes in the bones - muscles - joints
  • ALP - blood test
  • ALP isoenzyme test
  • Blount disease
  • Bone lesion biopsy
  • Bone pain or tenderness
  • Bone scan
  • Bone tumor
  • Bone x-ray
  • Bowlegs
  • Calcium blood test
  • Craniotabes
  • Fibrous dysplasia
  • Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
  • Joint x-ray
  • McCune-Albright syndrome
  • Orthopedic services
  • Osteitis fibrosa
  • Osteomalacia
  • Osteopenia - premature infants
  • Phosphorus blood test
  • Pseudohypoparathyroidism
  • Skeletal limb abnormalities
  • Thoracic spine x-ray
  • X-ray - skeleton

Related Health Topics

  • Bone Cancer
  • Bone Density
  • Bone Infections
  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta
  • Osteonecrosis
  • Osteoporosis
  • Paget's Disease of Bone
  • Rickets

National Institutes of Health

The primary NIH organization for research on Bone Diseases is the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

Other Languages

Find health information in languages other than English on Bone Diseases

NIH MedlinePlus Magazine

  • More Than Two Decades of NIH Research Gives Answers on a Rare Disease Affecting Bones, Skin, and the Endocrine System

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The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health.

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