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Summary
What is uterine cancer?
Uterine cancer is a cancer that forms in tissues of the uterus, which is sometimes called the womb. The uterus is the place where a fetus grows during pregnancy.
There are two types of uterine cancer:
- Endometrial cancer is the most common type. This type of cancer begins in the cells lining the uterus, known as the endometrium.
- Uterine sarcoma is a rare, more aggressive cancer that is harder to treat. This type of cancer begins in muscle or other tissues in the uterus.
Who is more likely to develop uterine cancer?
Uterine cancer usually happens after menopause. The cause is unknown. However, some factors and conditions that change the balance of hormones in your body may increase your risk. These can include obesity or metabolic syndrome (a group of risk factors for certain health problems).
Other factors and conditions that may increase your risk for:
Endometrial cancer
- Taking estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause.
- Having type 2 diabetes.
- Starting menstruation at an early age or menopause at a later age.
- Having never been pregnant.
- Taking tamoxifen, a medicine used to prevent or treat breast cancer.
- Having polycystic ovary syndrome.
- Having a mother, sister, or daughter who has had endometrial cancer.
- Having certain genetic conditions, such as Lynch syndrome.
- Having endometrial hyperplasia (thickening of the uterine lining).
Uterine sarcoma
- Having had past treatment with radiation therapy to the pelvis.
- Taking tamoxifen, a medicine used to prevent or treat breast cancer.
What are the symptoms of uterine cancer?
The most common symptom of both endometrial cancer and uterine sarcoma is abnormal vaginal bleeding. Both types of uterine cancer may also cause pelvic pain or pressure, unusual vaginal discharge, or an enlarged uterus or pelvic mass.
Less common symptoms may include urinating (peeing) often, having trouble urinating, or pain during sexual intercourse.
How is uterine cancer diagnosed?
If you have symptoms of uterine cancer, your health care provider may:
- Ask about your medical history and family health history.
- Do a pelvic exam.
- Order imaging tests.
- Suggest a biopsy or a minor procedure called dilation and curettage (D & C) to check the lining of your uterus.
What are the treatments for uterine cancer?
Treatment may depend on your health, how much cancer you have, and whether it has spread. The most common treatment is having a hysterectomy, which is surgery to remove the uterus. Sometimes the surgery also removes the ovaries and fallopian tubes.
You may have more than one type of treatment. Other treatments may include:
- Hormone therapy
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy
Can uterine cancer be prevented?
There is no sure way to prevent uterine cancer. But you can do things that may help lower your risk such as aiming for a healthy weight, getting regular physical activity, and talking to your provider about the benefits and risks of hormone therapy.
NIH: National Cancer Institute
Symptoms
- Symptoms of Uterine Cancer (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Diagnosis and Tests
-
Endometrial Cancer Screening
(National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
-
Pelvis Ultrasound
(American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America) Also in Spanish
-
PTEN Genetic Test
(National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
- Tests for Endometrial Cancer (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish
- Uterine Sarcoma Stages (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish
Prevention and Risk Factors
-
Endometrial Cancer Prevention
(National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
- Endometrial Cancer Risk Factors (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish
- Risk Factors for Uterine Sarcoma (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish
Treatments and Therapies
- Dilation and Curettage (D&C) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
-
Drugs Approved for Endometrial Cancer
(National Cancer Institute)
-
Endometrial Cancer Treatment
(National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
-
Treatment Option Overview (Uterine Sarcoma)
(National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
Living With
- Living as a Uterine Sarcoma Survivor (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish
Related Issues
- Fertility Problems (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish
- Questions to Ask about Uterine Sarcoma (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish
Specifics
-
Uterine Sarcoma Treatment
(National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
- What Is Uterine Sarcoma? (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish
Statistics and Research
-
Advances in Endometrial Cancer Research
(National Cancer Institute)
-
Cancer Statistics: Uterine Cancer
(National Cancer Institute)
- Uterine Cancer Statistics (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish
- What's New in Uterine Sarcoma Research? (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish
Clinical Trials
-
ClinicalTrials.gov: Endometrial Neoplasms
(National Institutes of Health)
-
ClinicalTrials.gov: Uterine Neoplasms
(National Institutes of Health)
Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
- Article: Pain perceived during hysteroscopic morcellation by vaginoscopy versus standard technique in...
- Article: Oxycodone vs the Combination of Fentanyl and Remifentanil for General Anesthesia...
- Article: Impact of definitive uterine artery occlusion on ovarian reserve markers in...
- Uterine Cancer -- see more articles
Reference Desk
-
Dictionary of Cancer Terms
(National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
Find an Expert
- American Cancer Society
-
Cancer Support Groups
(National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
- Choosing a Cancer Doctor (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish
- Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Also in Spanish
- How to Find an Ob-Gyn (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists)
-
National Cancer Institute
Also in Spanish
-
NCI - Designated Cancer Centers
(National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish
Patient Handouts
- Choriocarcinoma (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
- Endometrial biopsy (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
- Endometrial cancer (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
- Uterine Cancer (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - PDF Also in Spanish
The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health.