What are breast diseases?

Breast diseases include various conditions and changes in your breast. Most women experience breast changes at some time. Your age, hormone levels, and medicines you take may cause lumps, bumps, and discharges of fluids that are not breast milk.

Although many women fear cancer, most breast changes are benign, meaning they are not cancer. These breast changes are known as benign breast disease. See your health care provider if you have a breast lump, pain, discharge, or skin irritation. Minor and serious breast problems often have similar symptoms and may need treatment.

Common breast changes and conditions can include:

• Fibrocystic breast changes can include lumpiness, thickening, and swelling, often just before your period. Your breasts may feel painful, swollen, or tender.
• Cysts are fluid-filled lumps that may be tender.
• Fibroadenomas are solid, round, rubbery lumps that easily move when pushed, occurring most in younger women.
• Intraductal papillomas are wart-like benign tumors that grow in the milk duct of the breast.
• Blocked milk ducts.
• Milk production when you're not breastfeeding.

What are the symptoms of breast disease?

Symptoms depend on the type of breast disease. Benign breast diseases may not have any symptoms, or they could include:

• A lump or firm feeling in your breast or under your arm
• A change in the size or shape of your breast
• Nipple discharge
• Skin changes such as itching, redness or darkening, dimples, scaling, or puckering on your breast or nipple
• Painful, swollen, or tender breasts

See your provider if you're noticing any of these symptoms or other unusual changes. Some symptoms may be warning signs or symptoms of breast cancer.

How are breast diseases diagnosed?

Some breast changes may be felt or seen. You may notice a change in your breast, or your provider may notice it during a clinical breast exam. Other breast changes may only be found during a screening mammogram or other imaging tests such as an MRI or ultrasound. Your provider may also recommend a breast biopsy to check a suspicious change in your breast.

What are the treatments for breast disease?

Some benign breast changes may increase your risk of breast cancer in the future and may need treatment now. Treatment depends on the type of breast disease that you have. Some breast changes may go away without treatment, while others may require monitoring, biopsy, or surgery.

NIH: National Cancer Institute